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Factsheet: Religious Freedom in Houthi-Controlled Areas of Yemen
美国国际宗教自由委员会（USCIRF） · Hilary Miller，USCIRF政策分析员 · 2025-08
2025年报告回顾1992年起源；不是1992年原始文献
官方发布 · 美国联邦委员会对宗教自由状况的评估及对胡塞的批评；“据报”、归责、人数和机构判断保持原文层级，不改写为本版确认事实。
2025年8月正式事实简报，全部4页正文、署名、机构使命和人员表
完整原文
FACTSHEET RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN HOUTHI- CONTROLLED AREAS OF YEMEN UNITED STATES COMMISSION on INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM 732 N. Capitol Street, NW, Suite #A714 Washington, DC 20401 202-523-3240 August 2025 By Hilary Miller, Policy Analyst
Introduction
Religious diversity in Houthi-controlled areas of Yemen faces near-total extinction. In the one-third of Yemen under Houthi control, primarily in the north and west, the group has continued to perpetrate systematic and egregious violations of freedom of religion or belief (FoRB), with severe impacts on religious minorities. Furthermore, women and girls are subjected to laws rooted in the Houthis’ singular interpretation of Shi’a Islam. Since 2019, USCIRF has recommended the Houthis be designated as an entity of particular concern (EPC) for particularly severe religious freedom violations. Each year since 2018, and most recently in December 2023, the U.S. Department of State has designated the Houthis as an EPC. The relationship between the Houthis and the internationally recognized Republic of Yemen Government (RYG) remains adversarial, shaped by over a decade of intractable conflict, mutual nonrecognition, and competing claims to legitimacy.
This factsheet outlines religious freedom conditions in Houthi-controlled areas of Yemen. Certain provisions of Houthi governance justified on religious grounds severely restrict religious freedom for Baha’is, Christians, Jews, and Ahmadiyya Muslims. Houthi leaders systematically foster an environment that threatens FoRB for minority religious communities through the use of forced religious indoctrination, oral directives, state propaganda, and religious indoctrination campaigns. The group imposes its singular religious interpretations in detention centers and schools and over traditional and social media. Individuals who reject this forced imposition of Houthi religious beliefs have either fled to the south or left Yemen entirely to seek refuge. The few remaining members of minority faith communities stay hidden due to threats of Houthi intimidation and violence.
Background
The Houthis are a Zaidi Shi’a Muslim group that was founded in northern Yemen in 1992 as a religious revivalist movement. They later transformed into a political and military force actively involved in the Yemeni civil war, which pitted the Iran-backed Houthi movement against Yemen’s internationally recognized RYG and its backers from a Saudi-led coalition. Houthi authorities have persecuted members of religious communities—in particular Baha’is, Jews, Christians, and nonbelievers—on similar grounds to those used by Iran’s government. Following the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq, the Houthi movement adopted its slogan: “Allah is great, death to America, death to Israel, curse the Jews, victory for Islam.” In September 2023, a Houthi delegation met with Saudi officials in Riyadh for the first time to reach a potential peace agreement to end the ongoing conflict. However, Houthi participation in regional conflict following the October 7th attacks on Israel has stunted progress toward a formal ending to the civil war. On January 22, 2025, President Donald J. Trump signed an executive order initiating a process for the redesignation of the Houthis as a Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO). On March 4, U.S. Secretary of State Marco A. Rubio officially made this redesignation.
Forced Religious Indoctrination
The Houthi movement systematically forces religious ideas on students regardless of their religious identity and personal religious beliefs. Since 2015, the Houthis have made nearly 500 modifications to Yemen’s school curriculum to this end. Religious minorities enrolled in Houthi education programs, particularly Christians, are forced to study the Qur’an. A teenaged Christian brother and sister were reportedly expelled from school for refusing to take part in Houthi Qur’an lessons on the basis of their religious belief. In 2024, a Christian family reportedly fled an area of Houthi-controlled Yemen so their children would not be forced to participate in mosque prayers and attend a Houthi religious indoctrination camp. Another individual was reportedly held in a Houthi camp for 20 days for forced indoctrination in Houthi ideology after expressing doubts about Islam. The Houthis have also used the education sector to create a societal environment in which non-Muslim minorities are at risk of having their FoRB restricted. One Houthi sixth-grade lesson describes Israel as a “cancerous Jewish gland.” Ninth-grade curricula teach antisemitic tropes, with modules describing Jews as deceptive, greedy, and cheap.
Detention Centers
Houthi authorities selectively mistreat non-Muslim minority detainees in prison because of their religious identity. One former Baha’i detainee reported that during their four-year imprisonment in a Houthi detention center in Sana’a, fellow Baha’i prisoners were forced to sit in religious education classes as a condition for their release. Authorities have also coerced prisoners to learn from the Malazim, the Houthi’s foundational ideological text of Islam based largely on the teachings of Hussein al-Houthi, founder of the movement. Houthi prison authorities also instill fear within religious minority prisoners by jailing them alongside prisoners who have committed violence or are detained for membership in violent nonstate entities and harbor a strong animus toward Jews, Baha’is, and Christians. Houthi authorities inform these prisoners that their fellow inmates are of a non-Muslim minority faith background and then allow the prisoners to physically assault them.
Targeting of Religious Minorities
Baha’is
Yemen is home to approximately 2,000 Baha’is. The community has existed in Yemen since the 19th century. Baha’is faced persecution before the Houthi territorial expansion of 2014, but their situation has worsened under Houthi authority. The Houthi movement has continued to spread anti-Baha’i propaganda through state-run media and public speeches referring to the Baha’i community as a dangerous anti-Islamic agent of foreign powers with subversive intentions. In May 2023, armed Houthi forces raided an annual Baha’i national convention in Yemen’s capital Sana’a and detained 17 Baha’i members. By August 2024, all of the remaining members were released after being forced to sign a statement renouncing their faith. In 2025, the former detainees continue to be prohibited from gathering for worship or communicating with other Baha’is.
Christians
The Christian community in Yemen once numbered 41,000, including both Yemenis and expatriates. In recent years, the community has shrunk to only a few thousand, including Roman Catholics, Anglicans, and Eritrean Christians, as many have fled from the country’s violent conflict. Between October 2023 and September 2024, dozens of loosely organized Christian communities ceased gathering for worship in private entirely because of heightened security threats. Many Christian converts have fled Houthi-controlled areas of northern Yemen as a result of the Houthi’s persecution and increasing societal intolerance. In 2024, a Christian convert was reportedly killed by family members because of his Christian faith.
Furthermore, the recent Houthi crackdown on United Nations (UN) personnel in northern Yemen, which has persisted in 2025, is at least partially based on the assumption that these personnel are Christian and enemies of Islam. Some UN employees working in these areas have been pressured to confess falsely on camera that they work for Christian interests and are spies.
Jews
Yemen’s Jewish community once consisted of 55,000 individuals, but heightened pressure during and after Israel’s establishment in 1948 led to the mass displacement of Yemeni Jews. Facing severe pressure from the Houthi movement in the 2000s, many of these remaining Jews fled Yemen or were expelled by authorities. Jewish prisoner of conscience Libi Marhabi is reportedly the last remaining Jew in Yemen. He remains in Houthi detention as of 2025 despite a 2019 court order for his release. Houthi prison authorities have reportedly subjected Marhabi to selectively harsh punishment because of his religious identity as a Jew. He has been placed in a prison ward with inmates from al-Qaeda and the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) who subject him to threats and physical assault for being Jewish. In May 2024, Marhabi grew physically ill from living in inhumane and poor living conditions. Prison officials reportedly continue to deny Marhabi any contact with his family. They have also repeatedly withheld food and subjected him to physical beatings, solitary confinement, electrical shocks, and hours-long interrogations.
The Houthis continue to escalate their antisemitic rhetoric alongside ongoing rocket and drone attacks on Israel. A children’s cartoon broadcast in March 2024 on the Houthis’ Shaba TV network describes Jews as “treacherous.” It also portrays a meeting of Jews invoking the antisemitic Protocols of the Elders of Zion. The broadcast also portrays Zionist Theodor Herzl as seeking “political and economic control of the world,” invoking the antisemitic trope of Jewish political and economic conspiracy. In May 2025, the Houthi channel Al-Masirah broadcast a Houthi rally in Sana’a during which children were chanting “curses upon the Jews,” which is part of the Houthi slogan.
Ahmadiyya Muslims
Houthi authorities have engaged in systematic targeting of the Ahmadiyya Muslim community in northern Yemen. In January 2024, Houthi authorities conducted a mass arrest of Ahmadiyya Muslims, including the community’s leader. They released the detainees in April 2024 after reportedly subjecting them to forced indoctrination and renunciation of faith. Community members are reluctant to speak about Houthi FoRB restrictions for fear of retribution.
Houthi Policies Rooted in Religion
Religious Restrictions on Women and Girls
The Houthi movement requires all women to travel with an escort (mahram) as defined in Islamic religious texts. The restriction includes non-Muslim women and foreign women aid workers. In 2025, the Houthis have continued to enforce an oral directive to this effect originally issued by the group’s land transportation authority in 2022. The directive created conditions for the Houthis’ eventual enforcement of a religiously based policy at Sana’a University that limits women’s access to the campus. In 2024, the Houthis ordered car and travel companies to serve only women who adhere to the mahram policy. Women face other restrictions in Yemen based on Houthi religious interpretations, including barriers to healthcare and exclusion from public spaces. The Houthis have also forcibly closed businesses that cater exclusively to women, justifying the policy as necessary to protect the country’s “Islamic identity.” The Houthis have also continued to mobilize all-female military battalions, called zainabiyyat, to target women who reject Houthi religious ideas. These units continue to perpetrate a range of religious freedom violations—including the forced sectarian education of Yemeni women—by taking over mosques, private homes, and schools to promote Houthi teachings of Islam. In December 2024, zainabiyyat female fighters reportedly coerced groups of Yemeni women in Sana’a, Hajjah, and Ibb to participate in various sectarian educational programs.
Women from minority faith groups are especially vulnerable to Houthi persecution. Interlocutors report that in 2025, many Christian women have continued to fully veil in public, against their personal religious beliefs, for fear of being discovered as non-Muslim. Houthi authorities have weaponized Baha’i religious conceptions of modesty in their repression of Baha’i women by conducting interrogations in bedrooms late at night with male interrogators. This Houthi tactic of violating religious modesty beliefs to maximize humiliation and shame for religious women is also used to deter them from further opposing the group’s authority.
Religiously Grounded Judicial Decisions
The Houthis have repeatedly imposed charges for “immoral acts” defined according to Houthi religious interpretations. In January 2024, the Houthis arrested Judge Abdulwahab Qatran on charges related to alcohol consumption (which Islam prohibits) after he criticized the Houthis’ Red Sea attacks on social media. Houthi judicial authorities also violate international law by imposing religiously mandated punishments, including use of the death penalty for nonviolent offenses. In February 2024, Houthi forces gathered 30 men, including 16 convicted in 2023 on religious charges of sexual immorality (lawat), in a Dhamar cemetery and threatened to execute the men by stoning them to death. The men were instead returned to detention. No public reports suggest the executions have yet been carried out.
Discrimination against Religious Minorities in Aid Distribution
The Houthis have discriminated against Christians and Baha’is in the distribution of essential humanitarian support during the current civil conflict. Activists report that Houthi authorities favor Muslims loyalists over non-Muslim minorities for receiving aid. Baha’is in Yemen in areas under Houthi control face significant difficulties in accessing humanitarian assistance because of their religious identity, especially families or individuals known in their neighborhoods as Baha’is. Houthi restrictions on Baha’is’ freedom of movement, especially former detainees, impedes Baha’i access to aid distribution centers or humanitarian services.Because members of the Baha’i faith live in constant fear of arrest or harassment by Houthi authorities, many choose to avoid public places, including aid distribution centers, for fear of persecution. Interlocutors report several cases of Houthi hospitals refusing medical treatment to Christians for their religious identity as well.
Conclusion
Having been redesignated an FTO by the Trump administration in March, the Houthis continue to violate international legal standards protecting freedom of religion or belief. The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights provides that “everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion.” Despite these protections, people living under Houthi control continue to face systematic restrictions on this fundamental freedom to which they are entitled.
Vicky Hartzler Chair Asif Mahmood Vice Chair Commissioners Ariela Dubler Mohamed Elsanousi Maureen Ferguson Stephen Schneck Meir Soloveichik Erin D. Singshinsuk Executive Director USCIRF’s Mission To advance international freedom of religion or belief, by independently assessing and unflinchingly confronting threats to this fundamental right. www.USCIRF.gov @USCIRF Media@USCIRF.gov
732 N. Capitol Street, NW, Suite #A714 Washington, DC 20401 202-523-3240 The U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) is an independent, bipartisan legislative branch agency established by the U.S. Congress to monitor, analyze, and report on religious freedom abroad. USCIRF makes foreign policy recommendations to the President, the Secretary of State, and Congress intended to deter religious persecution and promote freedom of religion and belief. Professional Staff Michael Ardovino Policy Analyst Susan Bishai Senior Policy Analyst Mollie Blum Policy Analyst Guillermo Cantor Director of Research and Policy Mingzhi Chen Supervisory Policy Advisor Andrew Hamm Public Affairs Associate Sema Hasan Senior Policy Analyst Thomas Kraemer Chief Administrative Officer Kirsten Lavery Supervisory Policy Analyst Veronica McCarthy Public Affairs Specialist Hilary Miller Policy Analyst Nora Morton Operations Specialist Molly Naylor-Komyatte Policy Analyst Dylan Schexnaydre Policy Analyst Katherine Todd Policy Analyst Scott Weiner Supervisory Policy Analyst Kurt Werthmuller Deputy Director of Research and Policy Nathan Wineinger Chief of Public Affairs Jean Wu Policy Analyst www.USCIRF.gov @USCIRF Media@USCIRF.gov UNITED STATES COMMISSION on INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM
完整中文译文
美国国际宗教自由委员会。事实简报：《胡塞控制区的宗教自由》。2025年8月。作者：政策分析员 Hilary Miller。地址：732 N. Capitol Street, NW, Suite #A714, Washington, DC 20401。电话：202-523-3240。
引言
也门胡塞控制区的宗教多样性面临几近消失的境地。在胡塞控制的约三分之一国土上，主要在北部和西部，该组织持续系统且严重地侵犯宗教或信仰自由，对宗教少数群体产生严重影响。此外，妇女和女孩受到源自胡塞对什叶派伊斯兰教单一解释的法律约束。自2019年以来，USCIRF一直建议将胡塞列为实施特别严重宗教自由侵害的“特别关注实体”（EPC）。美国国务院自2018年以来每年均将胡塞列为EPC，最近一次为2023年12月。胡塞与获国际承认的也门共和国政府（RYG）仍处敌对关系；十余年的难解冲突、相互不承认以及相互竞争的合法性主张塑造了这种关系。
本简报概述也门胡塞控制区的宗教自由状况。胡塞以宗教理由为依据的部分治理规定，严重限制巴哈伊教徒、基督徒、犹太人和艾哈迈底派穆斯林的宗教自由。胡塞领导人通过强制宗教灌输、口头指令、国家宣传和宗教灌输运动，系统营造威胁宗教少数社群宗教或信仰自由的环境。该组织在拘留中心、学校、传统媒体和社交媒体中强加其单一宗教解释。拒绝接受胡塞宗教信仰强制施加的人，要么逃往南方，要么离开也门到其他国家寻求庇护。由于受到胡塞恐吓和暴力的威胁，所剩无几的少数宗教成员隐藏身份生活。
背景
胡塞是宰德派什叶派穆斯林组织，1992年在也门北部以宗教复兴运动形式成立。该组织后来转化为政治和军事力量，积极参与也门内战；这场战争使伊朗支持的胡塞运动与获国际承认的也门共和国政府及其沙特领导的联军支持者相对抗。胡塞当局以与伊朗政府类似的理由迫害宗教社群成员，尤其是巴哈伊教徒、犹太人、基督徒和无信仰者。美国2003年入侵伊拉克后，胡塞运动采用口号：“真主至大，美国去死，以色列去死，诅咒犹太人，伊斯兰必胜。”2023年9月，胡塞代表团首次在利雅得与沙特官员会谈，寻求达成结束持续冲突的潜在和平协议。然而，胡塞在10月7日以色列遭袭后参与地区冲突，阻碍了正式结束内战的进程。2025年1月22日，唐纳德·J·特朗普总统签署行政命令，启动将胡塞重新指定为“外国恐怖组织”（FTO）的程序。3月4日，美国国务卿马尔科·A·鲁比奥正式作出该重新指定。
强制宗教灌输
胡塞运动不顾学生的宗教身份和个人信仰，系统地向他们强加宗教观念。为此，自2015年以来，胡塞对也门学校课程作出近500项修改。在胡塞教育项目中就读的宗教少数群体，尤其是基督徒，被迫学习《古兰经》。据报，一对十几岁的基督徒兄妹以宗教信仰为由拒绝参加胡塞的《古兰经》课程，因而被学校开除。据报，2024年一个基督徒家庭逃离也门胡塞控制区，以免孩子被迫参加清真寺祈祷和胡塞宗教灌输营。另有一人因对伊斯兰教表达怀疑，据报被关押在胡塞营地20天，被迫接受胡塞意识形态灌输。胡塞还利用教育部门制造一种社会环境，使非穆斯林少数群体的宗教或信仰自由面临限制风险。一节胡塞六年级课程把以色列描述为“癌性的犹太腺体”。九年级课程教授反犹刻板印象，把犹太人描述为狡诈、贪婪和吝啬。
拘留中心
胡塞当局因宗教身份而在监狱中区别虐待非穆斯林少数群体被拘留者。一位曾被拘留的巴哈伊教徒称，在其被关押于萨那胡塞拘留中心的四年中，其他巴哈伊囚犯被迫参加宗教教育课程，以此作为获释条件。当局还胁迫囚犯学习《马拉齐姆》；这是胡塞伊斯兰意识形态的基础文本，主要依据运动创始人侯赛因·胡塞的教导。胡塞监狱当局也把宗教少数群体囚犯与实施过暴力、或因参加暴力非国家实体而被拘押、且对犹太人、巴哈伊教徒和基督徒怀有强烈敌意的囚犯关在一起，以制造恐惧。当局告知这些囚犯，同牢者属于非穆斯林少数信仰群体，随后允许他们对其施加身体攻击。
针对宗教少数群体
巴哈伊教徒
也门约有2,000名巴哈伊教徒，该社群自19世纪以来便在也门存在。在胡塞2014年扩张领土前，巴哈伊教徒已经面临迫害，但在胡塞统治下处境进一步恶化。胡塞运动持续通过国营媒体和公开演说传播反巴哈伊宣传，将该社群称为危险的、反伊斯兰的外国势力代理人，并指其怀有颠覆意图。2023年5月，胡塞武装突袭在首都萨那举行的巴哈伊全国年度大会，拘押17名成员。截至2024年8月，所有仍被拘押者都在被迫签署放弃信仰声明后获释。2025年，这些曾被拘押者仍被禁止共同礼拜或与其他巴哈伊教徒交流。
基督徒
也门基督徒社群曾有41,000人，包括也门人和外籍人士。近年来，由于许多人逃离该国暴力冲突，社群缩小至仅数千人，包括罗马天主教徒、圣公会信徒和厄立特里亚基督徒。2023年10月至2024年9月间，由于安全威胁加剧，数十个组织松散的基督徒社群完全停止了私人礼拜聚会。许多改信基督教者因胡塞迫害和社会不宽容日增而逃离也门北部胡塞控制区。据报，2024年一位改信基督教者因其信仰被家人杀害。
此外，胡塞近期针对也门北部联合国人员的打压在2025年持续，其依据至少部分是认为这些人员是基督徒、是伊斯兰的敌人。一些在这些地区工作的联合国雇员受到压力，被迫在镜头前作虚假供述，声称自己为基督教利益服务并从事间谍活动。
犹太人
也门犹太社群曾有55,000人；但以色列1948年建国期间及之后压力加剧，导致也门犹太人大规模流离失所。面对胡塞运动在2000年代施加的巨大压力，许多留下的犹太人逃离也门或被当局驱逐。据报，良心犯利比·马尔哈比是也门最后一位犹太人。尽管法院2019年下令释放他，截至2025年他仍遭胡塞拘押。据报，胡塞监狱当局因其犹太身份对其施加格外严酷的惩罚。他被关在有基地组织及伊拉克和叙利亚伊斯兰国（ISIS）囚犯的监区，这些囚犯因其犹太身份威胁并殴打他。2024年5月，马尔哈比因不人道且恶劣的生活条件患病。据报，监狱官员继续拒绝他与家人联系，也多次不给食物，并对他实施殴打、单独监禁、电击和长达数小时的审讯。
伴随持续对以色列发动火箭和无人机袭击，胡塞继续升级反犹言论。胡塞旗下Shaba电视网2024年3月播出的一部儿童动画片将犹太人描述为“背信弃义”。动画还描绘了一场犹太人会议，援引反犹的《锡安长老会纪要》，并把犹太复国主义者西奥多·赫茨尔描写为企图取得“对世界的政治和经济控制”，呼应犹太人政治经济阴谋的反犹刻板印象。2025年5月，胡塞的马西拉频道播出萨那一场胡塞集会，其中儿童高喊胡塞口号的一部分：“诅咒犹太人”。
艾哈迈底派穆斯林
胡塞当局系统针对也门北部的艾哈迈底派穆斯林社群。2024年1月，当局大规模逮捕艾哈迈底派穆斯林，包括其社群领导人。2024年4月，他们释放了被拘留者；据报，这些人此前被迫接受灌输并放弃信仰。社群成员害怕报复，不愿谈论胡塞对宗教或信仰自由的限制。
植根于宗教的胡塞政策
对妇女与女孩的宗教限制
胡塞运动要求所有妇女出行时，都必须有伊斯兰宗教文本所规定的男性近亲护送人（mahram）陪同。这项限制包括非穆斯林妇女和外国女性援助人员。2025年，胡塞继续执行该组织陆路交通管理机构最初于2022年发布的相关口头指令。这项指令为胡塞最终在萨那大学实施基于宗教、限制女性进入校园的政策创造了条件。2024年，胡塞命令汽车及旅行公司只向遵守男性近亲陪同政策的妇女提供服务。根据胡塞宗教解释，妇女在也门还面临其他限制，包括就医障碍和被排斥于公共空间之外。胡塞还强行关闭只向妇女提供服务的企业，称该政策对保护国家的“伊斯兰身份”必不可少。胡塞也继续动员称为“宰纳比亚特”（zainabiyyat）的全女性军事营，针对拒绝胡塞宗教观念的妇女。这些单位占用清真寺、私人住宅和学校，推广胡塞的伊斯兰教义，持续实施多种侵犯宗教自由的行为，包括对也门妇女强制开展教派教育。据报，2024年12月，宰纳比亚特女战斗人员胁迫萨那、哈杰和伊卜的多群也门妇女参加各类教派教育项目。
少数信仰群体的妇女尤其容易遭受胡塞迫害。受访者报告，2025年，许多基督徒妇女因害怕被发现是非穆斯林，继续违背个人宗教信仰，在公共场合全身遮盖。胡塞当局在夜间让男性审讯者到卧室审讯巴哈伊妇女，把巴哈伊有关端庄的宗教观念变成压迫她们的工具。胡塞通过侵犯宗教端庄信念，使虔诚妇女承受最大羞辱和羞耻，也以此阻止她们继续反对该组织的权威。
基于宗教的司法决定
胡塞反复按其宗教解释所界定的“不道德行为”提出指控。2024年1月，法官阿卜杜勒瓦哈卜·卡特兰在社交媒体批评胡塞的红海袭击后，遭胡塞以与饮酒有关的指控逮捕；伊斯兰教禁止饮酒。胡塞司法当局施加宗教规定的惩罚，包括对非暴力罪行适用死刑，这也违反国际法。2024年2月，胡塞部队在扎马尔一处墓地聚集30名男子，其中16人于2023年因性不道德（lawat）的宗教指控被定罪，并威胁将这些男子以石刑处死。这些人后来被送回拘留。截至目前，没有公开报道表明死刑已被执行。
援助分配中对宗教少数群体的歧视
胡塞在当前内战中分配基本人道支持时歧视基督徒和巴哈伊教徒。活动人士报告，胡塞当局在援助分配上优先照顾忠于其的穆斯林，而非非穆斯林少数群体。在胡塞控制区，也门巴哈伊教徒因宗教身份在获取人道援助方面遇到重大困难，尤其是邻里已知其信仰的家庭和个人。胡塞限制巴哈伊教徒、尤其是曾被拘留者的行动自由，妨碍其进入援助分配中心或获得人道服务。由于巴哈伊教徒始终害怕遭胡塞当局逮捕或骚扰，许多人为避免迫害而远离公共场所，包括援助分配中心。受访者还报告数起胡塞医院因基督徒的宗教身份拒绝为其治疗的事件。
结论
特朗普政府3月将胡塞重新指定为外国恐怖组织后，胡塞仍继续违反保护宗教或信仰自由的国际法律标准。联合国《世界人权宣言》规定，“人人有思想、良心和宗教自由的权利”。尽管有这些保障，胡塞控制下的居民继续在其应享有的这项基本自由方面遭受系统限制。
主席：Vicky Hartzler。副主席：Asif Mahmood。委员：Ariela Dubler、Mohamed Elsanousi、Maureen Ferguson、Stephen Schneck、Meir Soloveichik。执行主任：Erin D. Singshinsuk。USCIRF使命：通过独立评估并坚定应对对这项基本权利的威胁，推进国际宗教或信仰自由。网站：www.USCIRF.gov；账号：@USCIRF；邮箱：Media@USCIRF.gov。
地址：732 N. Capitol Street, NW, Suite #A714, Washington, DC 20401；电话：202-523-3240。美国国际宗教自由委员会（USCIRF）是美国国会设立的独立、跨党派立法部门机构，负责监测、分析和报告境外宗教自由状况。USCIRF向总统、国务卿和国会提出外交政策建议，以遏制宗教迫害并促进宗教或信仰自由。专业职员：Michael Ardovino（政策分析员）、Susan Bishai（高级政策分析员）、Mollie Blum（政策分析员）、Guillermo Cantor（研究与政策主任）、Mingzhi Chen（政策督导顾问）、Andrew Hamm（公共事务助理）、Sema Hasan（高级政策分析员）、Thomas Kraemer（首席行政官）、Kirsten Lavery（督导政策分析员）、Veronica McCarthy（公共事务专员）、Hilary Miller（政策分析员）、Nora Morton（业务专员）、Molly Naylor-Komyatte（政策分析员）、Dylan Schexnaydre（政策分析员）、Katherine Todd（政策分析员）、Scott Weiner（督导政策分析员）、Kurt Werthmuller（研究与政策副主任）、Nathan Wineinger（公共事务主任）、Jean Wu（政策分析员）。网站：www.USCIRF.gov；账号：@USCIRF；邮箱：Media@USCIRF.gov。美国国际宗教自由委员会。